定语从句的定义

一:定语从句的定义

被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。    关系代词引导的定语从句  关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语 从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?  他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.  他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which, that  它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:  A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)  The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)  关系副词引导的定语从句  关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)when, where, why  关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用,例 如:  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?2)that代替关系副词  that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从 句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住过的地方。判断......余下全文>>

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