大鱼小池塘效应

一：马什提出的池小鱼大效应是什么？急

马什等人关于"大鱼小池塘效应(Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect)"的教育学研究,丁样可以运用在企业组织中.但在企业组织中也同时存在作用方向相反的两种效应--"标签效应"和"同伴效应",显示出BFLPE理论在企业组织领域虽具有很强的应用价值,但其解释力有待进一步的科学验证.

二：little-fish-big-pond effect是什么？ 10分

大鱼小池塘效应

大鱼小池塘效应（BFLPE）引入的一个术语赫伯特·W·马什，通俗化马修·加德纳，这推测是负相关的能力与他们的同龄人在学校，学生的自我概念：因此，学业自我概念不仅取决于一个人的学术成果，但也对那些在校学生参加的成就。

这种效应的含义是低骇中等能力的学生可能更愿意参加低能力学校，而不是一个高能力的学校，因为这将是更好地为他们的自我概念。这些学生可以得到额外的动力，从低或中等能力的学生在他们的阶级，因为自己的成就显得更加重要。他们感到荣幸和动机可能比其他学生保持自己的优势。这是缺乏自信的学生尤其如此。有些家长送子女，与心理学家的明确建议，学校，中等水平的能力。

一个相反的效果，是反映的荣耀效果（或同化效应），它描述了一个学生从学校收到了高水平的熟练的刺激。

三：big-fish-little-pond effect is a term introduced by herbert w.marsh,which considers that the

我试着翻译下：“小池塘里的大鱼”（“矮子里的巨人”）效应是herbert w.marsh引用的一个术语，他认为学生的自我概念（意识）和他们在校的同龄人的能力是负相关的。以下是维基百科的原文：Big-fish–little-pond effect (BFLPE) is a term introduced by Herbert W. Marsh, and popularized by Matthew Gardner and Malcolm Gladwell in his bestselling book David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants. BFLPE hypothesizes that the self-concept of students is negatively correlated with the ability of their peers in school: Thus, academic self-concepts depend not only on one's academic accomplishments but also the accomplishments of those in the school that a student attends.

An implication of this effect is that low- or medium-ability students might prefer to attend a low-ability school instead of a high-ability school, as this would be better for their self-concept. These pupils can receive additional motivation from low- or medium-ability pupils in their class because their own achievements appear more significant. They feel more honored and may be motivated to keep their edge over the other pupils. This is especially true for pupils with a lack of self-confidence. Some parents send their children, with the explicit recommendation of psychologists, to schools that are known for a moderate level of proficiency.

An opposite effect is the reflected glory effect (or assimilation effect), which describes the stimulation a pupil may receive from a school with a high level of proficiency.

上面的意思应该是说一个能力中下的学生宁愿选择一个不好的学校，而不会选择一个好的学校，因为这将会使他们认为自我意识更好。......余下全文>>